Ошибка P0296: цилиндр 12 — Contribution/Balance

P0296 comes from the cylinder balance control of common-rail diesels: the engine module measures the crankshaft acceleration of each cylinder's power stroke, compares it with the average and gives a deviating cylinder more or less fuel. The code sets when the correction for cylinder 12 reaches its limit and the cylinder still does not keep up – GM at 95 % of a limit of about ±12–17 mm³ for 30 s, Ford above 90 % of the allowed 3.5–15 mg per stroke for 7.5 s; GM needs two trips. The code does not say whether there is too much or too little fuel – the correction value for cylinder 12 shows the direction: strongly negative means a leaking injector, strongly positive a weak injector or low compression. Cylinder 12 only exists on diesels with twelve cylinders; GM and Ford documents stop at cylinder 8, so the description follows CARB and the siblings.